Optical projecting apparatus.



G. APPIAN I.

OPTICAL PBOJEOTING APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 13, 1912.

1 ,080, 528. Patented Dec. 9, 1913.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

, GRAZIANO ALPZPIANI, F TREVISO, ITALY.

OPTICAL PROJEG'IING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 9, 1913.

Application filed August 13, 1912. .Serial No. 714,767.

To-all whom it mag concern Be it known that I, GnAzIANo APPIANI,

' subject of the King-cf Italy,.residing at Treviso, Italy, haveinvented new and usetul Improvements. in Optical Projecting A -presultin its combustion. These vessels are ordinarily composed of small casesor boxes 'orof transparent bottles. The water, or

other liquid contained in such vessels evaporates comparatively readily,which affects the regularity of theoperation of the kinematographicapparatus, and it has consequentlybeen proposed to employ apparatuswhereby the gradual heating of the water'or. other .liquid "imparts tothe liquid itself in continuous ascending; and descending move mentbetween such vessels and a vessel ar-- ranged at a higher level and.connected thereto by tubes, and by reason of which the liquid in thetransparent cooling action.

Hitherto the connecting tubes between the vessel undergoes a transparentvessel and the vessel at a higher level to which same isconnected havebeen 1 situated so as to. project into the part of the transparentvessel which is interposed between thelamp of the .kinematographicapparatus and the film the picture on which is to be proiected on. thescreen, thatis to say in the path of travel of the rays oflight forprojecting such picture, and although said tubes are of glass theypresent such an obstacle as to materially affect the perfect projectionof the pictures on the screen. The relative positions of the two vesselsand the connections between same have further been such as to materiallyimpede the circulation of liquid between them and also to give rise toancbullition of the liquid within the portion of the transparent vesselthrough which the rays of light pass and so further impair theperfection of the pictures projected thereby from the film bearing meanson to the screen. According to the present invention I avoid thesedisadvantages and I make the connections between the transparent vesseland the vessel with which the circulation of liquid is to be maintainedso that the tubes employed do not project into the part of thetransparent vessel through which the rays of light for the projection ofthe picture on to the filmpass, While the liquid occurs in thetransparent vessel.

Figure 1 ot the accompanying drawlng 1s a transverse sectlonv ofasuitable form of apparatus. for carrying the invention into eflfect.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view showing the kinematograph.apparatus with the device in position.

Above a transparent vessel a of any form, a second vessel 1) isarranged. This second vessel may form one with the first vessel, or besimply arrangedabove it. Communication between the two vessels isestablished by means of two tubes 0' and g. The tube 0, of glass, metalor any other suitable material, the lower extremity d of which issituated at the upper part of the lower transparent vessel,. passesthrough a stopper e, .of india rubber, cork, or other suitable material,which closes the opening of vessel a, projects. through an opening inthe upper vessel 1) and at its upper extremity f terminates at thehighest part. otthe upper vessel b.

The other tube- 9-, which alsov passes through the stopper 6,. oh theopening in the vessel 1),. has its lower extremity 72, situated ,alittle-below the lower extremity d of the tube 0;. and its upperextremity 2' only circulation of liquid between the vessels is p in noway impeded and no ebullition of the attains or slightly exceeds theupper surface ofthe stopper 6.

It is apparent that when the water or other liquid contained in thevessel a becomes heated, by a physical law it ascends through the tube 0and enters the upper vessel 1), where the temperature is naturallylower, and whence, consequently, a corresponding quantity of coolerliquid descends by tube 9 into the vessel 0,. A continuous circulationis thus established of warmer liquid which ascends from the lowertransvessel (1.

The cooling of the liquid in the trans parent lower vessel a willnaturally be the more rapid the larger the upper vessel 1) is made inproportion to the lower vessel a;

by these means the result is attained of always keeping the vesselfilled with water or other liquid which serves as a shield against heatbetween the condensing lens and the film, at such a temperature that theinconveniences hereinbefore indicated are avoided, that is to say thenecessity of changing the said vessels or the liquid which they contain,on account of the evaporation which, without the use of the presentapparatus, will occur in said vessels. The result therefore is attainedof employing vessels which it is neither necessary to change nor toreplace the liquid which they contain. The danger of confiagration or ofdamage to the films is thus avoided, by keeping cool the projectingapparatus, which becoming heated often occasions the ignition of thefilms, and consequently results in a confiagration. The bottle may notonly fulfil the function of a shield against heat between the lenses andthe projecting apparatus, but it might also at the same time act both asthe lens and the protecting shield against heat between the lantern,.thelight and the projecting apparatus.

As the tubes 0 and 9 only extend into the upper when in use is arrangedso that only its lower portion is interposed between the condensing lensof the kinematographic apparatus and the film bearing the picture to beprojected on the screen, said tubes will offer no obstacle to the freepassage of light through the vessel and the projection of the picturewill consequently be in no way impaired.

If desired .ice or other refrigerating agent might be placed in theupper vessel, or such upper vessel be constantly maintained cool by anyof the known refrigerating means; which could not be effected in thelower Ves sel, without great difliculty, for this latter mustnecessarily be kept perfectly transparent.

Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawing illustrates the manner in which thebottle awith the upper vessel 12 may be arranged in front of the'boxmcontaining the lantern and the light condensing lens. Said bottle whichas usual serves asa transparent protector against heat for the apparatus02 in which the film unwinds, may be supported by a bracket 0 and'asupport 1).

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In apparatus of the class described, in

ortion of the vessel a and the latter combination, a transparent vesseladapted to be positioned between the source of light of a kinematographand the film, a vessel positioned at a higher level than saidtransparent vessel and tubes extending between said vessels wherebyliquid contained within said vessels may circulate, the ends of thetubes which extend within said transparent vessel being positioned outof the path of the rays of light which pass from the source of light tothe film.

2. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a transparentVessel adapted to be positioned between the source of light of akinematograph and the film, a vessel positioned at a higher level thansaid transparent vessel and tubes extending between said vessels wherebyliquid contained within said vessels may circulate, the ends of thetubes which extend within said transparent vessel terminating in theupper part thereof, whereby said tubes will be ositioned out of the pathof the rays of liglit which pass from the source of light to the film.

3. In apparatus .of the class described, in combination, a transparentvessel adapted to be positioned between the source oflight of akinematograph and the film, avessel positioned directlyabove saidtransparent vessel and tubes extending between said vessels wherebyliquid contained within said ves-. sels may circulate, the ends of thetubes which extend within said transparent vessel being positioned outof the path of the rays of light which pass from the source of light tothe film.

4. In apparatus of the class described, in

combination, a transparent vessel adapted to be positioned between thesource of light of a kinematograph and the film, a vessel positioned ata higher level than said transparent vessel and tubes extending betweensaid vessels whereby liquid contained within said vessels may circulate,said tubes being straight throughout their length, the ends of the tubeswhich extend within said transparent vessel being positioned out of thepath of the rays of light which pass from the source of light to thefilm.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

GRAZIANO APPIANI. [L.s.]

Witnesses:

. BURNS MANNING,

GUY ADJULU MANNING.

